Grouped by topic • Answers and marking schemes included • Based on KCSE format
1. Map Work and Interpretation
Sample KCSE 2021 – Paper 1 Question:
Describe how contour lines are used to show a valley on a topographical map.
Describe how contour lines are used to show a valley on a topographical map.
Answer:
Contour lines form a ‘V’ shape pointing upstream; they are close together where the valley is steep and wider apart where gentle.
Contour lines form a ‘V’ shape pointing upstream; they are close together where the valley is steep and wider apart where gentle.
2. The Earth and the Solar System
Sample KCSE 2014 – Paper 1 Question:
Differentiate between rotation and revolution of the Earth.
Differentiate between rotation and revolution of the Earth.
Answer:
Rotation is the spinning of Earth on its axis (24 hours); revolution is its movement around the Sun (365¼ days).
Rotation is the spinning of Earth on its axis (24 hours); revolution is its movement around the Sun (365¼ days).
3. Weather and Climate
Sample KCSE 2018 – Paper 1 Question:
Explain how sea breeze develops during the day.
Explain how sea breeze develops during the day.
Answer:
Land heats faster than sea; warm air rises over land and cool air from the sea flows inland forming sea breeze.
Land heats faster than sea; warm air rises over land and cool air from the sea flows inland forming sea breeze.
4. Vegetation
Sample KCSE 2019 – Paper 1 Question:
State three characteristics of tropical rain forests.
State three characteristics of tropical rain forests.
Answer:
• Evergreen and dense canopy.
• High biodiversity.
• Many tall trees with buttress roots.
• Evergreen and dense canopy.
• High biodiversity.
• Many tall trees with buttress roots.
5. Population and Settlement
Sample KCSE 2020 – Paper 2 Question:
State three factors influencing population distribution in Kenya.
State three factors influencing population distribution in Kenya.
Answer:
• Climate – rainfall and temperature.
• Relief – highlands attract settlement.
• Economic activities – e.g., farming, mining.
• Climate – rainfall and temperature.
• Relief – highlands attract settlement.
• Economic activities – e.g., farming, mining.
6. Agriculture
Sample KCSE 2015 – Paper 2 Question:
Describe how coffee is processed from harvesting to export.
Describe how coffee is processed from harvesting to export.
Answer:
Harvesting → pulping → fermenting → washing → drying → grading → packaging → export.
Harvesting → pulping → fermenting → washing → drying → grading → packaging → export.
7. Industry
Sample KCSE 2016 – Paper 2 Question:
Give three factors that have contributed to industrial growth in Kenya.
Give three factors that have contributed to industrial growth in Kenya.
Answer:
• Availability of raw materials.
• Improved transport and communication.
• Government policy on industrialization.
• Availability of raw materials.
• Improved transport and communication.
• Government policy on industrialization.
8. Transport and Communication
Sample KCSE 2012 – Paper 2 Question:
State two advantages of air transport over road transport.
State two advantages of air transport over road transport.
Answer:
• Faster and suitable for perishable goods.
• Connects remote areas quickly.
• Faster and suitable for perishable goods.
• Connects remote areas quickly.
9. Mining
Sample KCSE 2010 – Paper 1 Question:
Explain three ways in which mining contributes to the economy of Kenya.
Explain three ways in which mining contributes to the economy of Kenya.
Answer:
• Provides employment.
• Earns foreign exchange.
• Promotes development of towns.
• Provides employment.
• Earns foreign exchange.
• Promotes development of towns.
10. Forestry and Wildlife
Sample KCSE 2023 – Paper 2 Question:
State four measures taken to conserve forests in Kenya.
State four measures taken to conserve forests in Kenya.
Answer:
• Afforestation and reforestation.
• Gazettement of forests.
• Public awareness campaigns.
• Controlled logging and charcoal burning.
• Afforestation and reforestation.
• Gazettement of forests.
• Public awareness campaigns.
• Controlled logging and charcoal burning.
11. Water Resources
Sample KCSE 2017 – Paper 2 Question:
Describe three ways in which water pollution can be controlled.
Describe three ways in which water pollution can be controlled.
Answer:
• Treatment of industrial waste before discharge.
• Proper disposal of garbage.
• Creating riparian buffer zones.
• Treatment of industrial waste before discharge.
• Proper disposal of garbage.
• Creating riparian buffer zones.
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