x̄ - > Several advanced devices have been developed for assessing the freshness of egg

 Several advanced devices have been developed for assessing the freshness of eggs, focusing on non-destructive testing and rapid analysis. These technologies aim to improve food safety and quality control by detecting spoilage early in storage.

Key Devices for Egg Freshness Assessment:

1. Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy:

   • Patil et al. (2024) developed a NIR spectroscopy tool for rapid freshness assessment and quality classification of chicken eggs, ensuring reliable detection of egg quality during storage. 

2. Portable NIR Spectrometer with Machine Learning:

   • Cruz-Tirado et al. (2021) designed a portable NIR spectrometer combined with machine learning algorithms to predict egg freshness. The device provided high accuracy similar to benchtop systems. 

3. Electronic Nose (E-Nose) Technology:

   • Atwa et al. (2024) reviewed the application of E-nose technology for raw egg freshness detection, emphasizing non-destructive approaches and technological limitations. 

4. Low-Cost Autonomous Portable Machine:

   • Wongsaroj et al. (2025) developed a low-cost autonomous portable poultry egg freshness machine using majority voting-based ensemble classifiers for real-time assessment. 

5. Artificial Neural Network-Based Device:

   • Nematinia & Mehdizadeh (2018) introduced an artificial neural network system for egg freshness assessment, measuring Haugh units and albumen pH. 

6. Dielectric Spectroscopy and Machine Learning:

   • Soltani & Omid (2015) created a dielectric spectroscopy-based electronic device for detecting poultry egg freshness using machine learning. 

7. Multisensory Smart Device:

   • Ren et al. (2022) designed a smart multisensory device combining visual, chemical, and dielectric sensors for preserved eggs freshness detection. 

8. Hyperspectral Imaging Device:

   • Chen et al. (2023) developed a hyperspectral imaging device integrated with a smartphone for real-time freshness detection.

Conclusion:

Egg freshness assessment has advanced with technologies like NIR spectroscopy, E-nose sensors, dielectric spectroscopy, and machine learning integration. These devices offer rapid, non-destructive solutions for food quality control in both industrial and retail settings.

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